Drugs: Reactions

SALICYLATE POISONING
Le THIN
Le - Lethargy/excitability
T - Tinnitus
H - Hyperventilation
I - Increased temperature (98.6)
N - Nausea & vomiting
*Severe toxicity = Metabolic acidosis & seizures
*Toxic level for a 30lb. child = 12 adult aspirin or 48 baby aspirin

LIDOCAINE TOXICITY
SAMS
S - Slurred speech or Difficult speech (Paresthesias, numbness of lips/tongue)
A - Altered CNS (drowsiness, dizzinesss, arrhythmias, restlessness, confusion)
M - Muscle twitching (tremors)
S - Seizures ( Convulsions, resp. depression, resp. & cardiac arrest)

THESE DRUGS CAN INTERACT
TDCI
T - Theophyline
D - Dilantin
C - Coumadin
I - Ilosone (Erythromycin)

"CUTIES" SAY NO TO OBs
"Cuties" (Q.T.s)
Quinolones & Tetracyclines CONTRAINDICATED
during
Pregnancy and Lactation

AMINOGLYCOSIDE TOXICITY
Major TOXIC effects are:
OTOTOXICITY & NEPHROTOXICITY
*Amikacin, Neomycin, Tobramycin, Gentamycin

ATROPINE OVERDOSE
"Hot as a Hare" - increased temperature
"Mad as a Hatter" - confusion, delirium
"Red as a Beet" - flushed face
"Dry as a bone" - decreased secretions, thristy

SERIOUS COMPLICATION OF ORAL BIRTH CONTROL PILLS
ACHES
A - Abdominal pains
C - Chest pain (SOB)
H - Headaches (sudden/persistent); CVA or inc. BP
E - Eye problems (vascular accident or inc. BP)
S - Severe leg pain (thromboembolic process)

EMERGENCY DRUGS TO LEAN ON:
L - Lidocaine
E - Epinephrine
A - Atropine
N - Narcan

BETA-BLOCKERS ACTIONS
Beta-blockers 1 affect the heart
Beta-blockers 2 affect the lungs

SIDE EFFECTS OF ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS B-BLOCKERS
Hypotension
Symptoms of CHF (coughing, SOB, edema, fatigue)
Bradycardia (AV-block)
Drowsiness & Depression
*Propranolol (Inderal), Tenormin (Atenolol), Lopressor (Metoprolol)

SIDE EFFECTS OF ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS ALPHA-BLOCKERS
Orthostatic hypotension
Vertigo
Tachycardia
Sexual dysfunction
* Doxazosin (Cardura), Prazosin (Minipress), Methyldopa (Aldomet)

CALCIUM ANTAGONISTS
Very Nice Drugs
V - Verapamil
N - Nifedipine
D - Diltiazem
*S/E: decreased BP, bradycardia, may precipitate AV block, headache, abdominal discomfort (constipation,nausea), peripheral edema
*Action: blocks calcium access to celss = decreasing contractility, conductivity of the heart & demand for oxygen

DRUGS FOR BRADYCARDIA & DECREASED BP
IDEA
I - Isoproterenol
D - Dopamine
E - Epinephrine
A - Atropine

ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
1. ACE Inhibitors: ends in aPRIL
BEN's CAP
B - Lotensin (BenzaPRIL)
En - Vasotec (EnalaPRIL)
Cap - Capoten (CaptoPRIL)
*Action : decreases peripheral vascular resistance WITHOUT:
INCREASED cardiac output, cardiac rate, cardiac contractiliy
*S/E : Dizziness, orthostaic hypotension, GI distress, cough, headache

2. Beta-blockers: ends in OLOL
I - Inderal (PropranOLOL)
T - Tenormin (AtenOLOL)
*Action : blocks beta receptors in the heart causing:
DECREASED heart rate, force of contraction, rate of AV conduction
*S/E : Bradycardia, lethargy, GI disturbance, CHF, dec. BP, depression

3. Calcium Antagonists
Very Nice Drugs
V - Calan/Isoptin (Verapamil)
N - Procardia (Nifedipine)
D - Cardizem (Diltiazem)

ANTI-CANCER DRUGS
Adverse Reactions/Precautions
Bone marrow suppression
Nausea & vomiting
Anorexia
GI disturbances
Alopecia
Avoid pregnancy

CHOLINERGIC CRISIS
SLUD
S - Salivation
L - Lacrimation
U - Urination
D - Defecation

MIXING INSULIN
"Draw up the CLEAR before the CLOUDY"
Regular - Clear and fast-acting
NPH - Cloudy and long-acting

HEPARIN/COUMADIN
Corresponding lab tests:
Coumadin - PT (prothrombin time)
Warfarin - PT
Heparin - PTT & aPTT (partial thromboplastin time + activated PTT)

MAO INHIBITORS
PNM or NPM "No Popular Meds"
P - Parnate
N - Nardil
M - Marplan
"No Popular Meds" such as: Barbiturates, TCA's, anti-histamines, CNS depressants, anti-hypertensives, OTC cold meds
"NO" = cheese, wine, pickled foods (tyramine containing foods)
*These foods CAUSE: sweating, tremors, elevated temperature, bounding heart

MEDICATIONS AND VITAMIN B6
INH (Isoniazide) : INCREASE the B6
Levodopa : DECREASE the B6